Mode of action of fungal and bacterial nematicides :

Fungi group may be divided into nematode-trapping, endoparasitic, egg- and female-parasitic, and toxin-producing fungi. For example, for the nematode-trapping fungus, entangled nematode with adhesive network of Monacrosporium megalosporum hypha is illustrated. Catenaria anguillulae, an endoparasitic fungus, is a member of the Chytridiomycota, the only major group of true (chitin-walled) fungi that produce motile spores, termed zoospores.

This fungus is often found as a facultative (non-specialized) parasite of nematodes and other small organisms. Phase-contrast microscopy was used to show the single and double chain of mature and immature fungal sporangium on parasitized nematodes.

Based on their modes of action, the nematophagous bacteria can also be broadly grouped into parasitic bacteria and non-parasitic rhizobacteria.